Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the artery walls when the heart beats. With distance from the left ventricle, the pressure decreases gradually.
The blood pressure measurement can be checked based on two type of pressure measurements. The are −
The first is Systolic Blood Pressure and
The second is Diastolic Blood Pressure.
Systolic Blood Pressure measurement is the measurement of the pressure in the blood vessels that is created when the heart beats.
Diastolic Blood Pressure measurement is the measurement of the force on the walls of the arteries when the heart is at rest between two beats. During diastolic blood pressure, the heart is refilled with blood and gets oxygen.
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| Systolic | Diastolic |
|---|---|
| It is the measurement of the pressure on the blood vessels that is created when the heartbeats. | It is the measurement of the force on the walls of the arteries when the heart is at rest between two beats. During diastolic blood pressure, the heart is refilled with blood and gets oxygen. |
| It is the force exerted when the blood is ejected into arteries. | It is the pressure that blood exerts into arteries between two beats. |
| 90-120 mm Hg is the normal range in adults. | 60-180 mm Hg is the normal range in adults. |
| The blood inside the arteries is the maximum | The blood inside the arteries is the minimum |
Hypertension occurs when the blood pressure is higher than normal pressure, that is higher than (120/80). In (120/80), 120 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury pressure) is the pumping pressure or systolic blood pressure and 80 is the resting pressure or diastolic blood pressure.
If the blood pressure of an individual is 140/90 (140 over 90) on repeated checks, it is a sign of hypertension. High BP or hypertension can cause severe health problems such as heart problems, and brain stroke, and can even damage the kidney and eyes.
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Most people do not have any acute symptoms. However, signs of high BP are visible once it reaches a certain level.
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure are as follows −
Loss of vision
Acute headaches
Nose bleeding
Pain in the chest
Pregnancy complications
Heart attack
Memory loss, progressive loss of consciousness
Damaging to the body's main artery (aortic dissection)
Brain Stroke
Shortness of breath
Loss of kidney function
Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure are as follows −
Dizziness
Body weakness
Vision ailments
Loss of concentration
Sudden increase in thirst
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) can also be referred to as atherosclerosis. It happens when the plaque (calcium, fats, fibrous tissues, and cholesterol) gets accumulated in the arteries and causes the narrowing or blocking, which limits the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It can cause uneasiness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. It is risky as this can even cause a heart attack.
Angina can also be called ‘Angina Pectoris’. When no oxygen reaches the heart muscles, it causes acute chest pain. It is more common amongst middle-aged and older people.
This problem occurs due to a condition that affects the flow of blood to the heart, which triggers the oxygen level in the heart.
Heart failure is the state of the heart when it is not effectively pumping the blood, due to which it fails to meet the needs of the body. It can damage the body organs and cause severe conditions in the lungs so that it becomes difficult to breathe. It can also be called congestive heart failure because of the congestion in the lungs caused by the poor flow of blood. This effect on the lungs is one of the symptoms of this disease.
However, heart failure and cardiac arrest are different.
In cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating due to the inadequate supply of blood. In fact, in most cases, the heart attack or cardiac arrest suddenly occurs without any warning signs, and the heart failure occurs gradually.
Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the artery walls when the heart beats.
We can measure blood pressure in two numbers. The first is Systolic blood pressure and the second is diastolic blood pressure.
The normal pressure is less than 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic.
Disorders of the circulatory system are Coronary Artery Disease, Angina, and Heart Failure.
Q1. What is blood pressure? What is the normal blood pressure of the human body?
Ans. Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the artery walls when the heart beats. With distance from the left ventricle, the pressure decreases gradually.
The blood pressure can be measured in two numbers. The first is systolic blood pressure and the second is diastolic blood pressure.
Q2. What is hypertension? List 5 Symptoms of hypertension.
Ans. Hypertension occurs when the blood pressure is higher than normal pressure that is higher than (120/80). In (120/80),120 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury pressure) is the pumping pressure or systolic blood pressure and 80 is the resting pressure or diastolic blood pressure. If the blood pressure of an individual is 140/90 (140 over 90) on repeated checks, it is a sign of hypertension.
Five symptoms of High Blood Pressure are − Heart attack, Memory loss, progressive loss of consciousness, Brain Stroke Shortness of breath, and Loss of kidney function.
Q3. What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
Ans. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also referred to as atherosclerosis, happens when the plaque (calcium, fats, fibrous tissues, and cholesterol) gets accumulated in the arteries causing the narrowing or blocking that limits the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. This condition can even cause a heart attack.
Q4. What causes heart failure?
Ans. The state of the heart when it is not effectively pumping the blood and fails to meet the needs of the body. This can damage the body organs and can cause severe conditions in the lungs and it becomes difficult to breathe. It can also be called congestive heart failure because of the congestion in the lungs caused by the poor flow of blood.
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