Perception is the procedure of becoming conscious about objects, events, and relationships utilizing senses, which involves recognizing, observing, and differentiating. Perception 5 types of senses: touch, vision, sound, smell, and taste. Perception involves three processes those are Selection that, is the first stage, when the person decides what to concentrate on either consciously or unconsciously, Organization that is the second stage, where the stimuli are organized cognitively into meaningful and recognizable patterns and interpretation which is the interpretation of any stimulus that needs prior experience. It is a combined process in which physiological and psychological processes are involved.
In perception, the biological factors involve the physiological and psychological factors influencing perception. The physiological influences involve senses, age, and neurobehavioral changes. Furthermore, the psychological consequences involve mood and self-concept. These factors influence an individual to think of a situation in a particular way. Perceptions sometimes have a negative impact which can have adverse effects in the workplace. Perception of people differs from individual to individual.
These are
Personality − How an individual processes information and chooses their perception can affect or influence the individual's personality. For example, Unconscientious persons commonly like to go through thorough details and external cues more carefully than unconscientious persons.
Motivation and Learning − An individual is more motivated to acknowledge a stimulus by which he/she was positively affected in the past or to assure an immediate need in a specific situation. For example, an individual bought groceries worth $200 as she was hungry. After that, she perceives that she is too tired to cook, and then she orders the food from outside.
Experience − Learned patterns from prior experience or prior perception also affect how people ascribe meaning and behave based on that perception. For example, a student has to submit three projects and tries to decide which task he should attempt or complete at first. Based on this pattern, he perceives which of the three projects is more difficult for him, and he decides to follow through with what he did in the previous semester, to complete all his projects on time.
From the physiological point of view, influences on perception may arrive from developmental changes in the bodies of the individual with the increase in age, how an individual processes sensory inputs, health, hunger, and neurological conditions affecting an individual's behavior.
The Senses − The ability of an individual to gain and interpret sensory information can influence the individual's perception. A person who is color-blind may recognize a painting differently from another person who sees colors differently. Individuals who react to stimuli more strongly than others may perceive something as a threat or harm.
Age − The age of a person can influence Perception. During childhood, a child may like wearing the same outfits as siblings, but as the age increases and the child become older, these things do not matter to him/her anymore. The importance of financial literacy, savings, and investment is not understandable by a teenager. However, as soon as he/she becomes an adult, they can understand its value and begin to educate their own on spending wisely. Another physiological factor of age is the experiences gained by the individual and the developmental distinction of the lifespan.
Neurobehavioral Challenges − Perception can also be affected by neurobehavioral challenges impacted by stroke or other injuries related to the brain. Commonly known behavioral challenges involve aggression, restlessness, problems in regulating behavior and emotions, cognitive changes, impulsivity, and inappropriate sexual behavior. Persons with bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may also reveal neurobehavioral challenges that can influence an individual's perception.
Psychological factors involve mood or emotional state and self-concept. The way an individual perceives others and the perception of others are all influenced by psychological factors, which also affect perception communication. How an individual perceives another individual may not always be appropriate, and this can influence how an individual communicates that perception through behavior and human relationships. The halo or reverse halo effect represents this. This concept suggests that people generalize their perception of others based on positive and negative attributes they see.
Mood − Perception can be influenced by mood sometimes. A little inconvenience can be very stressful or irritating for a person in a bad mood,which would not affect that individual much on the other days. The opposite can also apply to an individual if he/she is in a good mood.which would not affect that individual much on the other days. The opposite can also apply to an individual if he/she is in a good mood.
The Self-Concept − The way a person sees himself/herself and the beliefs that go along with it is known as that person's self-concept. The concept is not permanent, as it changes from time to time based on the positive and negative experiences and interactions of the person with others. Individuals with a positive belief about themselves can confidently interact and make healthy perceptions of others.The Self-Concept: The way a person sees himself/herself and the beliefs that go along with it is known as that person's self-concept. The concept is not permanent, as it changes from time to time based on the positive and negative experiences and interactions of the person with others. Individuals with a positive belief about themselves can confidently interact and make healthy perceptions of others.
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that perception is the recognition and interpretation of sensory information and becoming aware of things happening around us through the various senses. Perception is mainly influenced by biological factors like physiological factors such as sense, age, and neurobehavioral challenges and psychological factors such as mood and self-concept. There are some internal factors as well that influence perception. Those are personality, motivation and learning, and experience. Perceptions can help calm down a heated situation and allow people to take the sensory information and make it meaningful. As a limitation of perception, it is known that perception sometimes gives an incorrect explanation of sensory information. Furthermore, these cases are known as illusions. Psychologists often use this term to refer to false perceptions.
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