The way of thinking, feeling, and behaving differs from person to person; this is known as personality. Once the personality arises within an individual, it remains relatively constant throughout that individual's life. The word personality is derived from the Latin word persona, which refers to a mask used by an actor to portray several roles or to conceal their actual identity. The main features of personality are consistency, which means that the personality of an individual remains the same in a variety of situations, affects behaviors and actions, which means that personality controls our movement in the current environment and motivates us to act in a particular manner in a specific situation, and multiple expressions, which means that personality of an individual can be understood in the way of thinking, feeling, and interacting with others.
Hans Eysenck's theory of extraversion vs. introversion put forward that it is caused by changeability in neuronal response. An individual whose extraversion rate is low (introverts) has a lower degree of response and is more responsive than the individual whose rate of extraversion is high (extroverts). An individual with an extroverted personality is always excited and likes to participate in various social activities to raise their degree of response. In contrast, an individual with an introverted personality always avoids social gatherings to keep their degree of response to a minimum level.
In psychology, extroversion means a person with a personality of being outward in nature. Individuals with extraversion personalities are very much outgoing and socialistic. Higher extraversion levels in an individual lead to more social activities. People with this kind of personality in every situation and can handle any situation easily. These people are very much talkative. Extroverted people have a vast network of friends and families, and they like to get attention all the time.
According to Hans Eysenck, extroversion is in the middle of all the important theories and personality trait models. The supporting genetic structure is complex; extraversion is hereditary. From an assistant point of view, extraversion helps an individual to attain specific goals. Extroverted people are successful in the careers like business, politics, and IT. Some advantages of extroverted individuals are that they have the qualities to socialize, they can work within a group, they get more energy from rewards, and they are positive−minded people. On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages of extroverted individuals, such as they cannot work alone and independently, are less trustworthy, make mistakes easily, and are always overconfident.
In psychology, individuals with introverted personalities are quieter and more reserved in social gatherings. Introverts feel nervous and uncomfortable talking to a stranger and maintain a small network of close friends and relatives. Famous psychologists suggest that introverts are people who tend to increase through reflection and decrease while interacting with others. Individuals with introverted personalities can become successful in making their careers in fields like writers, artists, and scientists because working independently is very much needed in these fields.
Some of the advantages of individuals with introverted personalities are that they can work alone independently, are good at listening, and are good observant. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages as well of the introverts like they have problems working with a group, socialization, not a good speaker, and they are not able to become successful in careers where the professions want individuals with extrovert personalities. Because of their introverted nature, they are overlooked.
Extroversion and Introversion are important dimensions of the personality trait model, including the Five Factor Model. An individual's extraversion vs. introversion degree depends on social cognitive, and biological factors. The apparatus that designs the development of Extroversion and introversion are not well known. On the biotic side, arousal and reward have been incriminated by the brain's system. On the social cognitive side, differentiation in different sides of self−regulation may be salient.
At lower environmental potentiality of response, extroverts' degree of performance will be lower than that of introverts. As the environmental response rate increases, the performance rate of the extroverts will increase, and they can cope with the introverts. Introverts almost always face a lower response rate than extroverts. Eysenck's theory also suggested that the level of response, ensuing from a mixture of environmental response and subject arousability, is arbitrated by activity in a cortical arousal system. Social isolation is very harmful to extroverts, leading them to depression, whereas introverts like social isolation and can survive this situation easily.
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there are several positive and negative sides to Extroversion vs. Introversion in the Personality Theory of Hans Eysenck. An individual's personality is very effective in daily life activities and interactions, and Extroversion and Introversion are important attributes for an overall account of human personality. Nevertheless, introverts are criticized as they do not make many friends and are often overlooked because others think they lack social skills. Extroverts are criticized because individuals with a high degree of extroversion are often found to be lonely. Psychophysiological and cognitive−social studies have made some improvements in disclosing the root and impact of the degree of extroversion and introversion of an individual. However, the current theories are not satisfying enough for these traits.
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