The way of thinking, feeling, and behaving differs from person to person; this is known as personality. Once the personality arises within an individual, it remains constant throughout that individual's life. The word personality is derived from the Latin word persona, which means a mask used by an actor to portray several roles or to conceal their actual identity (especially in a live play).
The main features of personality are consistency, which means that the personality of an individual remains the same in a variety of situations. It affects behaviors and actions, which means that personality controls our movement in the current environment and motivates us to act in a particular manner in a specific situation, and multiple expressions. Furthermore, it means that personality of an individual can be understood in the way of thinking, feeling, and interacting with others. Personalities are classified into different types, such as perfectionists, work-obsessed, aggressive, emotional, irritable, worried, hopeless, and many others. The two basic components of Eysenck personality psychology are descriptive and causal. The super components of neuroticism, extroversion, and psychoticism are at the top of the hierarchical taxonomy that makes up the defining aspect. The five-factor model of personality and the PEN model are both composed of Extraversion and Neuroticism at the highest level. Besides all these, many psychological theorists have developed various theories of personality. Among those, Hans Eysenck's PEN model of personality is one of the most important. In this research paper, the three dimensions of the PEN model of the personality of Hans Eysenck will be discussed. The Pen model is composed of three dimensions based on the personality as personality differs from one individual to another:
Psychoticism includes risk-taking, irresponsibility, confused thinking, loss of interest in activities, and controlling behavior.
Extraversion includes activity, sociability, ambition, enjoyment of working together, being the center of attention, and aggressiveness.
Neuroticism includes anxiety, inferiority, dependence, negative emotions, self-doubt & self-consciousness, and unhappiness.
Psychoticism was the last entry of the pen model theory of personality. According to Eysenck, Psychoticism is a type of personality where individuals like risk-taking, engaging themselves in anti-social activities, and many more. This last dimension of personality ranges from low psychoticism to high psychoticism. Higher psychoticism in individuals leads to irresponsible behavior and manipulative tendency. An individual psychoticism personality trait reduces the rate of responsibility and responsiveness, and they do not follow the social norms. Moreover, this behavior of individuals leads to criminal behavior. They fulfill their interests by violating the rules.
In psychology, extroversion means a person with a personality of being outward in nature. Individuals with extraversion personalities are very much outgoing and socialistic. Higher extraversion levels in an individual lead to more social activities. People with this kind of personality in every situation and can handle any situation easily. These people are very much talkative. Extroverted people have a vast network of friends and families and always like to get attention. At the same time, individuals with introverted personalities are quieter and more reserved in social gatherings. Introverts feel nervous and uncomfortable talking to a stranger and maintain a small network of close friends and relatives. Eysenck says extraversion is connected with brain activity or cortical arousal levels.
In psychology, neuroticism is a dimension of personality where the individual feels the unsafe and threatening world. An individual with a personality of neuroticism faces a higher degree of stress and anxiety. These individuals cannot face or control bad situations and they feel more about the negative things than the positive ones. This type of personality leads to jealousy as they feel jealous by seeing others in a better position or living a better livelihood than himself/herself. These individuals become angry, dissatisfied, and frustrated when their places of interest are not met or their expectations are not get fulfilled as they are perfectionists in nature. A person with a lower level of neuroticism can handle bad and stressful situations better than a person with a higher level of neuroticism. And people with lower levels of neuroticism are emotionally stable.
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there are several positive and negative sides to the PEN Model of the personality of Hans Eysenck. An individual's personality is very effective in their daily life activities and interactions. On the positive side of the PEN model, a person with a psychoticism and extrovert personality will be more advantageous as they can face and handle any situation, and they will get better opportunities because of their huge network of friends, families, and colleagues. While as the negative side of the PEN model, people with Introverted and neuroticism personalities face various problems due to their behavioral patterns. They will also be behind everyone because of their nature, and others will take advantage of that. Eysenck's theory strongly insists that biological susceptibility towards some personality traits combined with controlling and socializing during the early adolescent period form an individual's personality. Therefore, this interaction approach is much more well-grounded than living or atmospheric theory alone.
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