The father of Psychology, Sigmund Freud stated that human psychology or the human psyche is divided in terms of three certain elements.
The three elements are Id, Ego, and Superego. In order to get a clear picture or understanding of human behavior and the reason for their specific behavior in those specific times, it is very important to understand a person's psyche with the help of observing the Id, Ego, and the Superego of the person. For example, a person can be anxious or worried about some specific thing. But, Freud in his study stated that a person would only become anxious if he/she has experienced any traumatic experience in his/her life recently or some time ago. Now, in this case, scenario, the past trauma is hidden from the consciousness of a person and it might cause issues or problems to the person both mentally and physically, in his/her adulthood. Freud also stated that some behavioral experiences of the person might come from reflex actions or the sudden decisions taken by the person in time of a rush.
In his model of psyche, Sigmund Freud stated that Ego is that part of the Id that has been modified or changed with the help of the direct influence of the surrounding of the person, or in simpler words, influenced by the external world. The only component of the conscious personality is the ego. It is what the individual is conscious of while considering oneself, and it is what they typically attempt to project toward others. The ego grows to act as a mediator between the false d's perceptions and the outside real world. It is a personality trait related to decision−making. The ego should function rationally, while the id should be chaotic and irrational.
The ego operates on the realism principle, devising practical methods of meeting the wants, and frequently deferring or postponing gratification to avoid undesirable societal consequences. The ego decides how to act by taking into account social reality, conventions, etiquette, and rules. The ego, unlike the id, is concerned with coming up with a practical plan to achieve pleasure. The ego seeks pleasure (i.e., tension reduction) and avoids suffering. The ego has no idea of right or evil; something is only considered excellent if it fulfills its purpose without endangering the ego or the id. According to Freud's analogy, the ego is the rider and the id is the horse. The ego is "like a guy on a horse, who has to control the superior strength of the animal," says the philosopher.
The ego uses secondary process thinking, which is logical, realistic, and focused on finding solutions to problems. If a course of action is unsuccessful, it is thought through once more until an answer is discovered. This is referred to as reality testing, and it gives the person the ability to govern their ego and display impulse control as well as self−discipline.
| Freud's Model of the psycho EGO |
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The voice of conscience (doing what is right) and the source of self-criticism originate from the superego, a component of the unconscious. The superego has many rules, or prohibitions, that are generally given involuntarily in the form of commands or "don't" statements. It somewhat reflects society's moral ideals, and a person is occasionally aware of their own morals and ethics.
The role of the superego is to restrain id urges, especially those that are socially taboo, like sex and hostility. Additionally, it has the effect of convincing the ego to pursue idealistic goals rather than merely realistic ones. Consciousness and the ideal self are the two systems that make up the superego.
Our "inner voice," or conscience, alerts us when we have acted improperly. By instilling sentiments of remorse, the conscience can penalize the ego. For instance, the superego may make the person feel awful through guilt if the ego yields to the demands.
| Super - Ego |
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The ego−ideal, which Freud dubbed the superego and which develops out of a person's first significant romantic commitment, is another challenging aspect of the superego. It will attempt to describe what it wants the individual to do in lofty, admiring words (usually a parent). The ideal self, also known as the ego-ideal, is an idealized version of who you think you should be, representing your goals for your job, your interpersonal interactions, and your social behavior. The superego may penalize behavior that falls short of the ideal self by inflicting shame on the individual. The ideal self, which the super−ego uses to reward us when we behave "correctly," can also make us feel proud.
Due to the desires and drives of the id and the prohibitions and regulations of the superego, guilt is a fairly prevalent issue. Defense mechanisms refer to the various ways that an individual manages guilt.
World−famous psychologist John Kihlstrom stated that his ideas along with his statements, theories, and models are very intriguing, However, there is a very little amount of scientific evidence for those models and theories. There is no proof or evidence about the id, ego, and superego and their respective theories of controlling the total human psyche. Modern-day psychology cannot provide pieces of evidence on the factors about the gripping of ego and superego on the human psychological system. Thus, it does not stand as a point. Kihlstrom is further stating that Freud and his theories are very relevant but only as a reference point.
Although Sigmund Freud stated about id, ego, and superego in his psychiatric model, it was totally based on his research work. But in terms of modern psychology in recent times it can be said that the statement that Freud stated about ego and superego controlling the whole psychiatric action of a human being is not at all totally correct in its utmost sense. As there is no reference to the fact this is why it can be stated that the ego or superego cannot control the psychology of human beings.
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