Psychopathology is an illness related to mental health. According to a report from 2017, Psychopathology is faced by 9.3% of males and 11.9% of females in everyday life. Psychopathology in everyday life is complex and can take several forms. Almost one in ten people globally (10.7%) have psychopathology in everyday life.
Sigmund Freud, in the year 1901, started studying the psychopathology of everyday life, which describes the psychoanalytic problems in daily life. While tracing the abnormal to the normal state, Freud found an unclear demarcation line between a normal person and a person with neurotic problems and that psychopathologic apparatus observed in psychoneuroses and psychoses could be revealed in a lower amount in normal persons. This led to the study of Psychopathology of everyday life and is considered the most famous work of Sigmund Freud. Freud discusses the psychological basis for forgetting proper names, Forgetting Foreign words, Forgetting Names and Order of words, Childhood and concealing memories, Mistakes in speech, Forgetting Impressions and Resolutions, Errors, Symptomatic and Chance actions, Combined Faulty Acts, Erroneously carried out actions, Determinism- chance and Superstitions Belief Points of view.
From a publication of a short essay on the Psychic mechanism of forgetfulness in the year 1898, Freud started discussing this fact further. According to him, if this fact asked a psychologist why human beings often fail to recall a name known to them, the psychologist would probably answer that proper names are more appropriate to be forgotten than any other memory content. Freud himself participated in a study where he faced temporary forgetfulness through observation of other peculiarities. There was not only forgetfulness but also false recollections. He used a substitutive name, which he immediately recognized as false. The process leads to the reproduction of the lost name, displacing and creating an incorrect substitute. He used a familiar name as one of the substitutive names of the forgotten name. He said that once this situation was faced, he never forgot the name as an accidental occurrence. This forgetfulness may occur due to a certain disposition to forget the same, a process of suppression that occurs shortly before, and the possibility of an outer association between the concerned name and the previously suppressed element. Besides forgetting proper names, another forgetting is influenced by repression.
There are huge individual variations for childhood and concealing memories. While some can trace their first reminiscences to the sixth month of life, others can remember nothing of their lives before the end of the sixth or eighth year. According to Freud, individuals accept infantile amnesia indifferently, i.e., memory failure for the first years of life. Visual memory preserves infantile recollections in some individuals, and their earliest childhood memories are only visual characters. From the retained childhood reminisces, some are readily comprehensible, while some seem strange or unintelligible. Some concealed memories are incomplete and falsified or displaced in time and place. A large portion of the total human memory belongs to the category of concealing memories. In some individuals, reversed relation is found, i.e., an indifferent impression of the most remote period becomes a concealing memory in consciousness, which owes its existence to an association with an earlier experience against whose direct reproduction is resistance. These are known as encroaching or interposing concealing memories.
Every individual in their daily life has a speech mistake or a tongue slip. In some people, a pathological condition of a slip of the tongue known as paraphasias can be seen. Meringer and C. Mayer first found speech and reading mistakes in 1895, but Freud did not agree with their viewpoints. Freud said that forgetting names also play a part in speech blunders. The disturbances in the speech that manifest a speech-blunder may be caused by the influence of another component of speech, i.e., a fore-sound or echo or context, which differs from what the speaker wishes to utter. According to Freud, a normal person's tongue slip occurs mainly due to the unconscious mind. Freud said that speech errors are an impact of disturbing influence of something of the intended speech. A slip of the tongue is a very common problem in everyday life. Some theorists suggest several types of Freudian slips: Repression, Mental errors, and Avoidance. Mistakes in speech may be related to the ways our brain processes language. Individuals always edit words before speaking and monitor mistakes or inappropriate language. This process happens constantly. Freudian slips occur when this process fails, and a mistake slips out before the brain can catch it. A slip of the tongue occurs each and every 1000 words said by the individuals. This amounts to somewhere between seven and twenty-two verbal slip-ups during the average day, based on how much a person talks. Sometimes a slip of the tongue is embarrassing, and such Freudian slips are likely due to habit rather than some deeper and hidden meaning.
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Freud's Psychopathology of everyday life is mainly the mental, physical and behavioral problems that individuals face. Several parts are included in the psychopathology of the everyday life of Freud. The main parts of problems discussed are forgetting proper names, mistakes in speech, childhood, and concealing memories. From this discussion, Freud gave the idea that every individual is neurotic to some extent since we possess deep inner conflicts which cause mental discomfort. This makes Psychopathology of everyday life, and it is the basis for developing the concept of unconsciousness.
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